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Understanding the science behind Galileo’s thermometer
Galileo liquid thermometer adds charm and conversation
Ever seen a closed tube of water with different colored floating glass bubbles inside? You probably thought is was something along the lines of a slightly more artistic version of the lava lamp. Actually, what you saw was something far older and more practical than a mere lava lamp – these cylinders are actually called Galileo’s thermometer.
Galileo’s thermometer (also sometimes called a Galileo liquid thermometer), is a very sophisticated device that uses Galileo’s research into fluid density and physics to measure temperature. Basically, the Galileo liquid thermometer is a sealed glass cylinder filled with a clear liquid. Also inside the cylinder are smaller glass bulbs, usually filled with colored liquid. When the air temperature changes, the temperature of the liquid inside the cylinder increases or decreases to match the air temperature – and as the temperature of the liquid changes, the density of that liquid changes as well.
If the bulbs inside the Galileo’s thermometer are a different density than the liquid, the will either rise (the density is higher) or fall (the density is lower). If one of the bulbs floats in the gap between the rising and falling bulbs, that bulb reflects the temperature.
Most of the bulbs inside of a Galileo liquid thermometer have a metal medallion attached to the bulb. This medallion acts as a counterweight to give the bulb the appropriate density, and also offers a degree temperature. So, if the red bulb has a medallion that reads 70° and it’s floating in the middle range, the temperature is approximately 70°.
While a Galileo liquid thermometer is not degree accurate, it does give a fairly good reading of relative temperature. But the point of Galileo’s thermometer isn’t really about getting the most accurate weather reading. Instead, it’s fascinating to watch science in action and to realize that a device was created based on the theories developed hundreds of years ago.
In addition, Galileo’s thermometer is simply a lovely accessory. It makes a unique gift for anyone; it’s a great object to display on a mantelpiece or on a desk top. You can find Galileo liquid thermometers in a variety of sizes and wood stands, making them ideal for any décor. They are also great conversation pieces. Few people will understand the science behind Galileo’s thermometer, at least at first glance. It can be a useful tool to show to children and adults alike – it’s certain to starts some lively discussions.
